The Atlantic<\/em> headlined \u201cWe Study Repression in Turkey. Now We See it Here\u201d. They warned readers: \u201cAs Americans who follow Turkish politics closely, we have spent the past two decades decrying the rise of authoritarianism in Turkey. We have pointed to repeated crackdowns on free speech, including the regular use of security forces to arrest and intimidate students. So we watched with particular horror as our government sent masked agents to arrest a Turkish student because of her political opinions.\u201d<\/p>\nAmid Trump intensifying his attacks on US colleges for alleged antisemitic bias, Harvard University dismissed Cemal Kafadar, the Turkish director of its Centre for Middle Eastern Studies, in March after the centre faced criticism that some of its programming had failed to represent Israeli perspectives. Following this, a Turkish government spokesperson accused Harvard of \u201copenly assaulting scientific thought\u201d.<\/p>\n
But the assault on Harvard carried echoes of the attack on academic freedom in Turkey. Since 2021, Istanbul\u2019s Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University, one of the country\u2019s most prestigious colleges, has witnessed widespread protests against its government-appointed rector, who shut down its progressive LGBTQ+ club, fired scholars who were critical of Erdo\u011fan, and allowed a police presence on the campus to detain any student he deemed a threat to safety. Students say even kissing on campus has become problematic.<\/p>\n
In a 2021 conference, Kafadar noted how his colleagues at Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i were suffering under these circumstances and defined the events as a \u201cconstant state of oppression, a state of torment that is gradually increasing in dose with a sense of revenge\u201d. He recounted how his colleagues at Harvard had told him that Trump was \u201ccurrently studying Erdo\u011fan, Modi and Orb\u00e1n on the issue of how to deal with universities and the media, trying to learn what he can swiftly [do to] tackle them if he wins the 2024 election\u201d.<\/p>\n
Efe Murad Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131o\u011flu, a research associate at Harvard\u2019s Centre for Middle Eastern Studies, said the situation for humanities departments in general is dire in the USA. Schools have been cutting back on hiring and closing or freezing jobs. Six jobs which Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131o\u011flu applied for have closed or been put on hold, including tenure-track (which offers a path of progression at a university), non-tenure-track, part-time and lecturer positions.<\/p>\n
\u201cIt doesn\u2019t look like there will be any tenure-track positions in the next few years,\u201d he said. \u201cMiddle Eastern studies is the one getting [hit the hardest]. From now on, international students will have to think twice about entering or leaving the country because the government is threatening to revoke visas. It\u2019s also possible, even likely, that they\u2019ll be blocked if they take part in political activities.\u201d<\/p>\n
Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131o\u011flu predicted this could trigger a migration of US-based academics to Europe. \u201cColumbia\u2019s history department, which has a student body of around 20 [PhD students] every year, accepted fewer than 10 for its doctoral programme this year,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n
\u201cSimilarly, fewer international students were accepted this year [across US universities] due to visa problems, and the number of students, especially in the humanities, has decreased. It may be difficult for Turkish academics to find tenure-track jobs or research grants if their research focuses on the Middle East and if they do not glorify Israel.\u201d<\/p>\n
US-based artists from Turkey are also evaluating their situations. The Kurdish artist \u015eener \u00d6zmen, who won a grant in 2016 from the Institute of International Education\u2019s Artist Protection Fund, an American initiative that provides grants to threatened artists, said he was concerned by how the USA \u201ccan and does deport you without question\u201d.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zmen, who now lives in Wilmette, Illinois, pointed to similarities between Erdo\u011fan and Trump\u2019s hostility toward the media. \u201cTrump targeted the mainstream media through the discourse of \u2018fake news\u2019 while Erdo\u011fan targeted the antigovernment media through the discourse of treason and hostility to religion.\u201d<\/p>\n
However, he said there was a difference between the free speech landscapes in Turkey and the USA. So far, despite Trump\u2019s pressures, the media in the USA has largely remained independent, academic freedom has been widely maintained, and universities have retained their autonomy (although Trump\u2019s latest threat to remove federal funding from universities that do not comply with his demands is eroding that independence).<\/p>\n
In Erdo\u011fan\u2019s Turkey, in contrast, \u201ca large portion of media outlets have been transferred to capital groups with ties to the government. Institutions like the Council of Higher Education [a government agency] have established direct political control over universities. More importantly, during Trump\u2019s first presidential term, opposition journalists or academics were not subject to criminal prosecution or dismissed from their posts\u201d.<\/p>\n
The Turkish government has dismissed thousands of academics through statutory decree investigations and had dozens of them arrested.<\/p>\n
Fatma G\u00f6\u00e7ek is among these persecuted Turkish scholars. A tenured professor at the University of Michigan, in January 2016 the esteemed sociologist signed a peace petition alongside 1,127 other scholars titled \u201cWe Will Not Be a Party to This Crime\u201d, in order to draw the public\u2019s attention to violence in Turkey.<\/p>\n
Since then, G\u00f6\u00e7ek has been unable to travel to the country. \u201cThey said that there was a list of 40 people in the Ministry of Justice regarding scholars and that I was 14th on that list,\u201d she told Index<\/em>. \u201cI haven\u2019t been coming to Turkey for the past decade. I have few opportunities to visit Turkey; I can only meet with Turks virtually.\u201d<\/p>\nOver the past decade, G\u00f6\u00e7ek has worked with professor Kader Konuk, who founded the Academy in Exile in 2017. The initiative offers fellowships to scholars from around the world who are at-risk so that they can continue their research in Germany. G\u00f6\u00e7ek also contributes to Scholars at Risk, a US-based network of 530 higher education institutions across 42 countries.<\/p>\n
\u201cI\u2019m working with all those scholars who are trying to come to the USA from Turkey,\u201d G\u00f6\u00e7ek said. \u201cWill they be able to stay here or not? I don\u2019t know.\u201d<\/p>\n
Recently, she invited a Fulbright Scholar who focuses on the political activities of Ottoman Kurds to conduct research at her university, but said that he would likely not go to Michigan because of the bureaucratic hurdles and would instead head to England to do his research at Oxford University.<\/p>\n
Sarphan Uzuno\u011flu, an assistant professor at Izmir University of Economics, said the current assault on academic freedoms in the USA was a litmus test for freedom of expression in the West. Countries that were once concerned with Turkey\u2019s trajectory towards authoritarianism are now undergoing a similar transition.<\/p>\n
\u201cThe fact that countries that said \u2018We are concerned\u2019 when these things were happening in Turkey are experiencing the same situation is directly related to the harsh turn in the global political climate,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n
\u201cAs for how this makes me feel, as a former immigrant who later returned to his country, it is frightening even to imagine the fear R\u00fcmeysa \u00d6zt\u00fcrk experienced,\u201d he said, referencing the recently detained Tufts student. \u201cBeing detained in an immigration detention centre in another country is not an ordinary situation.\u201d<\/p>\n
Eissenstat, the professor at St. Lawrence University in New York, has taught three classes on Palestine this year. \u201cI wouldn\u2019t be teaching them if I were a green card holder,\u201d he said. \u201cNot because I feel I am saying anything offensive or doing anything wrong, but rather because we don\u2019t know why the people are selected for targeting, which is meant to intimidate all of us.\u201d<\/p>\n
He compared the situation in the USA to Turkey\u2019s own academic crisis that intensified in the mid-2010s, when the red lines about what one could say and write became unclear.<\/p>\n
\u201cArbitrary arrests \u2013 and the arbitrary punishment or targeting of one person, putting them in jail \u2013 is key to authoritarian rule,\u201d he said. \u201cThe authoritarian rule doesn\u2019t try to punish everybody. It tries to create these singular cases that make everybody pause.\u201d<\/p>\n
The authoritarian tactics of the Turkish and US governments are increasingly resembling each other. As Erdo\u011fan and Trump borrow from each other\u2019s playbooks on multiple fronts, students, scholars, journalists and any citizens willing to voice their views could be facing the ominous prospect of a fine-tuned, unified and globally accepted autocracy in the near future.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
[ad_2]
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Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"[ad_1] On 5 February 2025, two weeks after Donald Trump assumed the role of US president, Argonotlar (\u201cArgonauts\u201d), a queer art publication in Turkey, issued<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":346744,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[154],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/michigandigitalnews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/346743"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/michigandigitalnews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/michigandigitalnews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michigandigitalnews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michigandigitalnews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=346743"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/michigandigitalnews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/346743\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michigandigitalnews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/346744"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/michigandigitalnews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=346743"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michigandigitalnews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=346743"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michigandigitalnews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=346743"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.eurozine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/2024_Columbia_pro-Palestine_protest_41-1024x683.jpg\")
<\/p>\n![Wikimedia Commons<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\nIn their letter, Argonotlar<\/em>\u2019s editors warned that US financial support for Turkey\u2019s marginalised sectors was \u201cshrinking one by one\u201d. It went on to say: \u201cThis situation is crushing on civil society and niche publications like Argonotlar<\/em>, which rely on financial support.\u201d<\/p>\nK\u00fcltigin Ka\u011fan Akbulut, the publication\u2019s founding editor, told Index<\/em> that Turkey\u2019s independent media and NGO sectors entered \u201ca new era\u201d after the coup attempt on 15 July 2016, which Erdo\u011fan used to criminalise various sectors of society that opposed his regime. Trump\u2019s second term, according to Akbulut, will initiate a similarly devastating era for these institutions, with only those that are financially supported by subscriptions or their readers able to weather the storm.<\/p>\n\u201cNow we\u2019re entering a completely different phase, one that we\u2019re completely unfamiliar with,\u201d he said. \u201cIndependent media outlets and NGOs that rely on their readers, their circles and their [own work] will survive while others will, unfortunately, bid farewell to readers.\u201d<\/p>\nA few weeks after Argonotlar issued its plea, Gazete Duvar<\/em> (\u201cThe Wall Newspaper\u201d), which was launched in 2016, ceased publication, citing financial difficulties. Turkey\u2019s government-controlled media was jubilant. Takvim<\/em>, a newspaper owned by a pro-government business group, wrote: \u201cThe decision to close down Gazete Duvar<\/em> came in the wake of the abolition of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). This structure, which stirred social fault lines and fed internal conflicts in various countries, is also known in Turkey for the media organisations it has been funding.\u201d<\/p>\nTakvim claimed it was \u201cthe CIA\u2019s field operational tool for many years\u201d, cheered how \u201cthe Wall is taken down!\u201d and noted how Trump\u2019s former political adviser, Elon Musk, described USAID as a \u201ccriminal organisation\u201d.<\/p>\nWhile Trump\u2019s actions, such as his decision to formally shutter USAID in March, have received similar acclaim among Erdo\u011fan\u2019s network, his attempts to deport international students who have voiced pro-Palestinian views have been met with relative silence in Ankara.<\/p>\nOn 25 March, after six masked plainclothes agents from US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detained 30-year-old Tufts University student R\u00fcmeysa \u00d6zt\u00fcrk, a Turkish government spokesperson said it was \u201can open regression for American democracy\u201d; but Erdo\u011fan, who under normal circumstances would be infuriated by such a move, didn\u2019t comment.<\/p>\n\u201cIn general, Erdo\u011fan is enraged with [the] repression of pro-Palestinian speech in the West \u2013 that is his meat and potatoes,\u201d said Howard Eissenstat, chair of the history department at St Lawrence University in New York and a scholar at Stockholm University\u2019s Institute for Turkish Studies.<\/p>\n\u201cThese are the sorts of issues Erdo\u011fan loves to talk about: the perfidy and the hypocrisy of the West. \u2018Whenever they criticise us, they are being hypocritical!\u2019 That\u2019s part of his brand. [But] he has manifestly not done that,\u201d he said.<\/p>\nEissenstat analysed the coverage by Anadolu, the state news agency, where such stories would usually be front and centre. This time, he said, \u201cthey have been very delicate\u201d.<\/p>\n\u201cI think that boils down to geopolitics. The government doesn\u2019t want to pick a fight with Trump. They\u2019re thinking, \u2018We are hoping for better deals; we are hoping to buy F35s; we are not going to bite that apple\u2019.\u201d<\/p>\nIn March, Eissenstat and two other Turkey experts \u2013 Lisel Hintz and Nick Danforth \u2013 published an essay in The Atlantic<\/em> headlined \u201cWe Study Repression in Turkey. Now We See it Here\u201d. They warned readers: \u201cAs Americans who follow Turkish politics closely, we have spent the past two decades decrying the rise of authoritarianism in Turkey. We have pointed to repeated crackdowns on free speech, including the regular use of security forces to arrest and intimidate students. So we watched with particular horror as our government sent masked agents to arrest a Turkish student because of her political opinions.\u201d<\/p>\nAmid Trump intensifying his attacks on US colleges for alleged antisemitic bias, Harvard University dismissed Cemal Kafadar, the Turkish director of its Centre for Middle Eastern Studies, in March after the centre faced criticism that some of its programming had failed to represent Israeli perspectives. Following this, a Turkish government spokesperson accused Harvard of \u201copenly assaulting scientific thought\u201d.<\/p>\nBut the assault on Harvard carried echoes of the attack on academic freedom in Turkey. Since 2021, Istanbul\u2019s Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University, one of the country\u2019s most prestigious colleges, has witnessed widespread protests against its government-appointed rector, who shut down its progressive LGBTQ+ club, fired scholars who were critical of Erdo\u011fan, and allowed a police presence on the campus to detain any student he deemed a threat to safety. Students say even kissing on campus has become problematic.<\/p>\nIn a 2021 conference, Kafadar noted how his colleagues at Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i were suffering under these circumstances and defined the events as a \u201cconstant state of oppression, a state of torment that is gradually increasing in dose with a sense of revenge\u201d. He recounted how his colleagues at Harvard had told him that Trump was \u201ccurrently studying Erdo\u011fan, Modi and Orb\u00e1n on the issue of how to deal with universities and the media, trying to learn what he can swiftly [do to] tackle them if he wins the 2024 election\u201d.<\/p>\nEfe Murad Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131o\u011flu, a research associate at Harvard\u2019s Centre for Middle Eastern Studies, said the situation for humanities departments in general is dire in the USA. Schools have been cutting back on hiring and closing or freezing jobs. Six jobs which Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131o\u011flu applied for have closed or been put on hold, including tenure-track (which offers a path of progression at a university), non-tenure-track, part-time and lecturer positions.<\/p>\n\u201cIt doesn\u2019t look like there will be any tenure-track positions in the next few years,\u201d he said. \u201cMiddle Eastern studies is the one getting [hit the hardest]. From now on, international students will have to think twice about entering or leaving the country because the government is threatening to revoke visas. It\u2019s also possible, even likely, that they\u2019ll be blocked if they take part in political activities.\u201d<\/p>\nBal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131o\u011flu predicted this could trigger a migration of US-based academics to Europe. \u201cColumbia\u2019s history department, which has a student body of around 20 [PhD students] every year, accepted fewer than 10 for its doctoral programme this year,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\u201cSimilarly, fewer international students were accepted this year [across US universities] due to visa problems, and the number of students, especially in the humanities, has decreased. It may be difficult for Turkish academics to find tenure-track jobs or research grants if their research focuses on the Middle East and if they do not glorify Israel.\u201d<\/p>\nUS-based artists from Turkey are also evaluating their situations. The Kurdish artist \u015eener \u00d6zmen, who won a grant in 2016 from the Institute of International Education\u2019s Artist Protection Fund, an American initiative that provides grants to threatened artists, said he was concerned by how the USA \u201ccan and does deport you without question\u201d.<\/p>\n\u00d6zmen, who now lives in Wilmette, Illinois, pointed to similarities between Erdo\u011fan and Trump\u2019s hostility toward the media. \u201cTrump targeted the mainstream media through the discourse of \u2018fake news\u2019 while Erdo\u011fan targeted the antigovernment media through the discourse of treason and hostility to religion.\u201d<\/p>\nHowever, he said there was a difference between the free speech landscapes in Turkey and the USA. So far, despite Trump\u2019s pressures, the media in the USA has largely remained independent, academic freedom has been widely maintained, and universities have retained their autonomy (although Trump\u2019s latest threat to remove federal funding from universities that do not comply with his demands is eroding that independence).<\/p>\nIn Erdo\u011fan\u2019s Turkey, in contrast, \u201ca large portion of media outlets have been transferred to capital groups with ties to the government. Institutions like the Council of Higher Education [a government agency] have established direct political control over universities. More importantly, during Trump\u2019s first presidential term, opposition journalists or academics were not subject to criminal prosecution or dismissed from their posts\u201d.<\/p>\nThe Turkish government has dismissed thousands of academics through statutory decree investigations and had dozens of them arrested.<\/p>\nFatma G\u00f6\u00e7ek is among these persecuted Turkish scholars. A tenured professor at the University of Michigan, in January 2016 the esteemed sociologist signed a peace petition alongside 1,127 other scholars titled \u201cWe Will Not Be a Party to This Crime\u201d, in order to draw the public\u2019s attention to violence in Turkey.<\/p>\nSince then, G\u00f6\u00e7ek has been unable to travel to the country. \u201cThey said that there was a list of 40 people in the Ministry of Justice regarding scholars and that I was 14th on that list,\u201d she told Index<\/em>. \u201cI haven\u2019t been coming to Turkey for the past decade. I have few opportunities to visit Turkey; I can only meet with Turks virtually.\u201d<\/p>\nOver the past decade, G\u00f6\u00e7ek has worked with professor Kader Konuk, who founded the Academy in Exile in 2017. The initiative offers fellowships to scholars from around the world who are at-risk so that they can continue their research in Germany. G\u00f6\u00e7ek also contributes to Scholars at Risk, a US-based network of 530 higher education institutions across 42 countries.<\/p>\n\u201cI\u2019m working with all those scholars who are trying to come to the USA from Turkey,\u201d G\u00f6\u00e7ek said. \u201cWill they be able to stay here or not? I don\u2019t know.\u201d<\/p>\nRecently, she invited a Fulbright Scholar who focuses on the political activities of Ottoman Kurds to conduct research at her university, but said that he would likely not go to Michigan because of the bureaucratic hurdles and would instead head to England to do his research at Oxford University.<\/p>\nSarphan Uzuno\u011flu, an assistant professor at Izmir University of Economics, said the current assault on academic freedoms in the USA was a litmus test for freedom of expression in the West. Countries that were once concerned with Turkey\u2019s trajectory towards authoritarianism are now undergoing a similar transition.<\/p>\n\u201cThe fact that countries that said \u2018We are concerned\u2019 when these things were happening in Turkey are experiencing the same situation is directly related to the harsh turn in the global political climate,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\u201cAs for how this makes me feel, as a former immigrant who later returned to his country, it is frightening even to imagine the fear R\u00fcmeysa \u00d6zt\u00fcrk experienced,\u201d he said, referencing the recently detained Tufts student. \u201cBeing detained in an immigration detention centre in another country is not an ordinary situation.\u201d<\/p>\nEissenstat, the professor at St. Lawrence University in New York, has taught three classes on Palestine this year. \u201cI wouldn\u2019t be teaching them if I were a green card holder,\u201d he said. \u201cNot because I feel I am saying anything offensive or doing anything wrong, but rather because we don\u2019t know why the people are selected for targeting, which is meant to intimidate all of us.\u201d<\/p>\nHe compared the situation in the USA to Turkey\u2019s own academic crisis that intensified in the mid-2010s, when the red lines about what one could say and write became unclear.<\/p>\n\u201cArbitrary arrests \u2013 and the arbitrary punishment or targeting of one person, putting them in jail \u2013 is key to authoritarian rule,\u201d he said. \u201cThe authoritarian rule doesn\u2019t try to punish everybody. It tries to create these singular cases that make everybody pause.\u201d<\/p>\nThe authoritarian tactics of the Turkish and US governments are increasingly resembling each other. As Erdo\u011fan and Trump borrow from each other\u2019s playbooks on multiple fronts, students, scholars, journalists and any citizens willing to voice their views could be facing the ominous prospect of a fine-tuned, unified and globally accepted autocracy in the near future.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n[ad_2]\nSource link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"[ad_1] On 5 February 2025, two weeks after Donald Trump assumed the role of US president, Argonotlar (\u201cArgonauts\u201d), a queer art publication in Turkey, issued<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":346744,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[154],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/michigandigitalnews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/346743"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/michigandigitalnews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/michigandigitalnews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michigandigitalnews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michigandigitalnews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=346743"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/michigandigitalnews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/346743\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michigandigitalnews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/346744"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/michigandigitalnews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=346743"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michigandigitalnews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=346743"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michigandigitalnews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=346743"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}](\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:2024_Columbia_pro-Palestine_protest_41.jpg\"){kind=link}