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<\/div>Sunrise over rice terraces in Bali, Indonesia<\/p>\n
Aliaksandr Mazurkevich \/ Alamy<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n
A common sunscreen ingredient, zinc nanoparticles, may help protect rice from heat-related stress, an increasingly common problem under climate change.<\/p>\n
Zinc is known to play an important role in plant metabolism. A salt form of the mineral is often added to soil or sprayed on leaves as a fertiliser, but this isn\u2019t very efficient. Another approach is to deliver the zinc as particles smaller than 100 nanometres, which can fit through microscopic pores in leaves and accumulate in a plant.<\/p>\n
Researchers have explored such nanoparticles as a way to deliver more nutrients to plants, helping maintain crop yields while reducing environmental damage from using too much fertiliser<\/a>. Now Xiangang Hu<\/a> at Nankai University in China and his colleagues have tested how zinc oxide nanoparticles affect crop performance under heatwave conditions.<\/p>\n They grew flowering rice plants in a greenhouse under normal conditions and under a simulated heatwave where temperatures broke 37\u00b0C (98.6\u00b0F) for six days in a row. Some plants were sprayed with nanoparticles and others weren\u2019t treated at all.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n When harvested, the average grain yield of the plants treated with zinc nanoparticles was 22.1 per cent greater than the plants that hadn\u2019t been sprayed, and this rice also had higher levels of nutrients. The zinc was also beneficial without heatwave conditions \u2013 in fact, in these cases, the difference in yield between treated and untreated plants was even greater.<\/p>\n Based on detailed measurements of nutrients in the leaves, the researchers concluded that zinc boosted yields by enhancing enzymes involved in photosynthesis, as well as antioxidants that protect the plants against harmful molecules known as reactive oxygen species.<\/p>\n \u201cNanoscale micronutrients have tremendous potential to increase the climate resilience of crops by a number of unique mechanisms related to reactive oxygen species,\u201d says Jason White<\/a> at the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station.<\/p>\n The researchers also found that rice treated with zinc nanoparticles maintained more diversity among the microbes living on the leaves \u2013 called the phyllosphere \u2013 which may have contributed to the improved growth.<\/p>\n Tests of zinc oxide nanoparticles on plants like pumpkin and alfalfa have also shown yield increases. But Hu says more research is needed to verify this could benefit other crops, such as wheat.<\/p>\n Topics:<\/p>\n<\/section><\/div>\n