![\"\"](\"https:\/\/images.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/29210907\/SEI_227610841.jpg\")
<\/div>Ad\u00e9lie penguins in Antarctica<\/p>\n
Prof. Heather Lynch<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n
Artificial intelligence can help accurately map and track penguin colonies in Antarctica by analysing tourist photos.<\/p>\n
\u201cRight now, everyone has a camera in their pocket, and so the sheer volume of data being collected around the world is incredible,\u201d says Heather Lynch<\/a> at Stony Brook University in New York.<\/p>\n Haoyu Wu<\/a> at Stony Brook University and his colleagues, including Lynch, used an AI tool<\/a> developed by Meta to highlight Ad\u00e9lie penguins in photographs taken by tourists or scientists on the ground. With guidance from a human expert, the AI tool was able to automatically identify and outline entire colonies in photos. This semi-automated method is much faster than doing everything manually because the AI tool takes just 5 to 10 seconds per image, compared with a person taking 1 to 2 minutes, says Wu.<\/p>\n The team also created a 3D digital model of the Antarctic<\/a> landscape using satellite imagery and terrain elevation data. By identifying landscape details in the tourist pictures, the researchers could place the photographer, then the penguin colony, accurately within the 3D model.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n This transformation of ground photos into a bird\u2019s-eye view allows researchers to track how penguin colonies change in location and population size over time \u2013 which could prove especially helpful in remote regions of the world where aerial drone or aircraft surveys are done infrequently. Such tracking is important because Ad\u00e9lie penguins are considered a sentinel species, meaning shifts in their populations are an indicator of climate change<\/a>. The AI-assisted technique can also harness historical imagery to track phenomena such as glacier changes that \u201coccur very slowly and may only be evident by looking across decades of time\u201d, says Lynch.<\/p>\n \u201cTracking of penguin colony population sizes and locations is important,\u201d says Annie Schmidt<\/a> at Point Blue Conservation Science, a nonprofit based in California. But it is just a \u201cfirst step\u201d towards a better understanding of the reasons for those population changes, she adds.<\/p>\n \u201cThis could be useful, especially as many penguin colonies are only rarely assessed by the research community,\u201d says Peter Fretwell<\/a> at the British Antarctic Survey. But researchers remain divided over the impacts of Antarctic tourism \u2013 the two large Ad\u00e9lie penguin<\/a> groups evaluated by the researchers are often visited by tour ships on the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula.<\/p>\n \u201cSome scientists are worried that, by encouraging tourists to do citizen science, we are justifying their trips \u2013 which will be used by the cruise companies to sell more berths, fuelling the expansion,\u201d says Fretwell. \u201cOthers think that there is very little on-the-ground impact from the industry, as it is well regulated.\u201d<\/p>\n Topics:<\/p>\n