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Martin Parr\/Magnum Photos<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n
In the 18th century, philosopher James Beattie compiled a list of 17 common-sense beliefs. A few are incontrovertible: \u201cI exist\u201d; \u201cA whole is greater than a part\u201d; \u201cVirtue and vice are different\u201d. But others seem unnecessarily moralising: \u201cIngratitude ought to be blamed and punished\u201d; \u201cI have a soul distinct from my body\u201d; \u201cThere is a God\u201d. Then, there are the scientifically contestable: \u201cThe senses can be believed\u201d; \u201cI am the same being that I was yesterday \u2013 or even 20 years ago\u201d; \u201cTruth exists\u201d. Overall, his list seems quaint and outdated. Worse still, it gives no clear idea of what common sense is. Surely, we can do better.<\/p>\n
Superficially, common sense seems easy to define: it is generally seen as knowledge or beliefs that are obvious \u2013 or should be obvious \u2013 to everyone. Yet it is strangely difficult to pin down. Often portrayed as universal, it is also often claimed not to exist. With that in mind, it might surprise you to hear that nobody has tried to measure the \u201ccommonness\u201d of this knowledge or its intrinsic properties (its \u201csensicality\u201d) \u2013 until now. Shockingly, this research shows that common sense may not be common at all.<\/p>\n
If true, the implications are huge. From parenting to politics and from public health to law, what counts as common sense matters. Increasingly, it is also a technological issue, with computer scientists keen to instil it in artificial intelligence-driven robots to make\u2026<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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